Past simple

Uso

Il past simple esprime azioni iniziate e concluse nel passato, azioni abituali o che sono durate nel tempo. In italiano il past simple corrisponde al passato remoto, all'imperfetto e al passato prossimo.

Formazione

Spesso è accompagnato da espressioni di tempo come yesterday, last night, last month, three days ago, ecc. Ha un'unica forma per tutte e sei le persone.

Verbi regolari

I verbi regolari lo formano aggiungendo -ed alla forma base del verbo.

                   I wash → I washed
                   I walk → I walked
                   I work → I worked

Variazioni ortografiche

• I verbi che finiscono in -y, se la penultima lettera del verbo in questione è una consonante, al past simple terminano in -ied.

                   I try → I tried
                   I tidy → I tidied

• I verbi che terminano in -e, aggiungono solo -d.

                   I like → I liked

• I verbi monosillabici, che terminano con una consonante preceduta da una sola vocale, oppure i verbi bisillabici che terminano con una consonante preceduta da una vocale accentata, raddoppiano l'ultima consonante e aggiungono -ed.

                   I stop → I stopped
                   I refer → I referred

• (Solo nell'inglese britannico) I verbi che finiscono per -l preceduta da vocale, raddoppiano la -l e aggiungono -ed.

                   I travel → I travelled

Verbi irregolari

I verbi irregolari non formano il passato aggiungendo -ed, ma hanno una forma particolare. Nella tabella vengono visualizzati i past participles (participi passati), che vengono usati per comporre i tempi composti.

Verbo [traduzione]	Past simple	Past participle
to arise [sorgere, alzarsi]	arose	arisen
to awake [svegliare]	awoke	awoken
to be [essere]	Vedi qui	Vedi qui
to bear [nascere]	bore	born
to beat [battere]	beat	beaten
to become [diventare]	became	become
to begin [cominciare]	began	begun
to bend [piegare]	bent	bent
to bet [scommettere]	bet	bet
to bind [legare]	bound	bound
to bite [mordere]	bit	bitten
to bleed [sanguinare]	bled	bled
to blow [soffiare]	blew	blown
to break [rompere]	broke	broken
to bring [portare]	brought	brought
to broadcast [trasmettere]	broadcast	broadcast
to build [costruire]	built	built
to burn [bruciare]	burnt	burnt
to burst [scoppiare]	burst	burst
to buy [comprare]	bought	bought
to cast [gettare]	cast	cast
to catch [catturare]	caught	caught
to choose [scegliere]	chose	chosen
to come [venire]	came	come
to cost [costare]	cost	cost
to cut [tagliare]	cut	cut
to deal (with) [trattare]	dealt	dealt
to dig [scavare]	dug	dug
to do [fare]	did	done
to draw [disegnare]	drew	drawn
to dream (of) [sognare]	dreamt (dreamed)	dreamt (dreamed)
to drink [bere]	drank	drunk
to drive [guidare]	drove	driven
to eat [mangiare]	ate	eaten
to fall [cadere]	fell	fallen
to feed [dar da mangiare]	fed	fed
to feel [sentire, provare]	felt	felt
to fight [combattere]	fought	fought
to find [trovare]	found	found
to fly [volare]	flew	flown
to forbid [vietare, proibire]	forbade	forbidden
to forecast [prevedere]	forecast	forecast
to forget [dimenticare]	forgot	forgotten
to forgive [perdonare]	forgave	forgiven
to freeze [gelare]	froze	frozen
to get [ricavare, ottenere]	got	gotten
to give [dare]	gave	given
to go [andare]	went	gone
to grind [macinare]	ground	ground
to grow [crescere]	grew	grown
to hang [appendere]	hung (hanged)	hung (hanged)
to have [avere]	had	had
to hear [udire]	heard	heard
to hide [nascondere, -rsi]	hid	hid, hidden
to hit [colpire]	hit	hit
to hold [tenere]	held	held
to hurt [far male]	hurt	hurt
to keep [tenere]	kept	kept
to kneel [inginocchiarsi]	knelt	knelt
to knit [lavorare a maglia]	knit	knit
to know [sapere, conoscere]	knew	known
to lay [deporre, posare]	laid	laid
to lead [condurre]	led	led
to lean [appoggiare, -rsi]	leant	leant
to learn [imparare]	learnt (learned)	learnt (learned)
to leave [lasciare]	left	left
to lend [prestare]	lent	lent
to let [lasciare, permettere]	let	let
to lie [mentire]	lied (regolare)	lied (regolare)
to lie [giacere]	lay	lain
to light [accendere, illuminare]	lit	lit
to lose [perdere]	lost	lost
to make [fare]	made	made
to mean [significare]	meant	meant
to meet [incontrare]	met	met
to mistake [confondere]	mistook	mistaken
to overtake [sorpassare]	overtook	overtaken
to pay [pagare]	paid	paid
to put [mettere]	put	put
to read [leggere]	read	read
to ride [cavalcare]	rode	ridden
to ring [suonare (il campanello)]	rang	rung
to rise [sorgere, alzarsi]	rose	risen
to run [correre]	ran	run
to say [dire]	said	said
to see [vedere]	saw	seen
to seek [cercare]	sought	sought
to sell [vendere]	sold	sold
to send [spedire]	sent	sent
to set [collocare]	set	set
to sew [cucire]	sewed	sewn
to shake [scuotere]	shook	shaken
to shed [elargire]	shed	shed
to shine [risplendere]	shone (shined)	shone (shined)
to shoot [sparare]	shot	shot
to show [mostrare]	showed	shown
to shut [chiudere]	shut	shut
to sing [cantare]	sang	sung
to sink [affondare]	sank	sunk
to sit [sedere]	sat	sat
to sleep [dormire]	slept	slept
to smell [odorare]	smelt	smelt
to speak [parlare]	spoke	spoken
to spell [scandire in lettere]	spelt	spelt
to spend [spendere, trascorrere]	spent	spent
to spill [versare]	spilt	spilt
to spoil [guastare, viziare]	spoilt	spoilt
to spread [diffondere]	spread	spread
to stand [stare in piedi]	stood	stood
to steal [rubare]	stole	stolen
to stick [incollare]	stuck	stuck
to sting [pungere (di insetti)]	stung	stung
to strike [battere, suonare]	struck	struck
to sweep [spazzare]	swept	swept
to swim [nuotare]	swam	swum
to take [prendere]	took	taken
to teach [insegnare]	taught	taught
to tear [strappare]	tore	torn
to tell [dire, raccontare]	told	told
to think [pensare]	thought	thought
to throw [lanciare]	threw	thrown
to understand [capire]	understood	understood
to wake [svegliarsi]	woke (waked)	woke, woken (waked)
to wear [indossare]	wore	worn
to weave [tessere]	wove	woven
to weep [piangere]	wept	wept
to win [vincere]	won	won
to withdraw [ritirare]	withdrew	withdrawn
to write [scrivere]	wrote	written